Interpreting DNA test results and integrating them into a family tree involves several steps that combine genetic data with traditional genealogical research. Here’s an overview:

1. Understand the DNA Test Results

  • Ethnicity Estimates: Show approximate percentages of a person’s ancestry from various regions. These estimates provide clues about geographic origins but are not definitive.
  • DNA Matches: Identify genetic relatives based on shared segments of DNA. Matches often include the estimated relationship (e.g., cousin, half-sibling).
  • Chromosome Mapping: Some tests provide data on specific chromosome segments shared with relatives, useful for pinpointing shared ancestry.

2. Cross-Reference with Family Records

  • Match Names: Compare the names of DNA matches with individuals in your existing family tree.
  • Shared Ancestors: Many platforms suggest potential shared ancestors with your DNA matches, helping identify links between families.
  • Regional Context: Use ethnicity estimates to focus on geographical regions or surnames common in your ancestry.

3. Use DNA Tools

  • Shared Match Groups: Group matches by shared DNA to identify clusters of relatives connected to a common ancestor.
  • Centimorgans (cM): Evaluate the amount of shared DNA (measured in cM) to estimate the likely relationship with a match.
  • Phasing: Compare DNA from parents (if available) to assign matches to maternal or paternal lines.

4. Build and Update the Family Tree

  • Start with Confirmed Matches: Add close relatives (e.g., parents, siblings, first cousins) to validate your tree structure.
  • Expand with Clues: Add distant matches cautiously, cross-referencing documentary evidence like birth or marriage records.
  • Attach DNA Evidence: Many platforms allow you to tag DNA matches to specific branches or individuals in the tree.

5. Investigate Unknown Matches

  • Correspond with Matches: Reach out to DNA matches to exchange family information and confirm relationships.
  • Triangulation: Compare shared matches among three or more people to identify a common ancestor.

6. Address Non-Paternity or Unknown Parentage

  • If unexpected results arise (e.g., unknown parentage), focus on closest DNA matches and work backwards to identify biological lines.

7. Use Genealogical Research

  • Combine DNA findings with historical records (census data, immigration records, military service) to verify and enrich the family tree.

8. Document Sources

  • Clearly annotate how DNA evidence supports each relationship or connection in your family tree.

9. Explore Specialized Tools

  • Third-party tools can help analyze DNA data further, such as identifying segment overlaps or building more advanced charts.

10. Review and Iterate

  • DNA testing databases grow over time as new people test, so revisit your results periodically for new matches or refined ethnicity estimates.

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